Vocal caricatures reveal signatures of speaker identity

What are the features that impersonators select to elicit a speaker’s identity? We built a voice database of public figures (targets) and imitations produced by professional impersonators. They produced one imitation based on their memory of the target (caricature) and another one after listening to the target audio (replica). A set of naive participants then judged identity and similarity of pairs of voices. Identity was better evoked by the caricatures and replicas were perceived to be closer to the targets in terms of voice similarity. We used this data to map relevant acoustic dimensions for each task. Our results indicate that speaker identity is mainly associated with vocal tract features, while perception of voice similarity is related to vocal folds parameters. We therefore show the way in which acoustic caricatures emphasize identity features at the cost of loosing similarity, which allows drawing an analogy with caricatures in the visual space.Fil: Lopez, Sabrina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Sistemas Dinámicos; ArgentinaFil: Riera, Pablo Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Acustica y Percepción Sonora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Assaneo, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Sistemas Dinámicos; ArgentinaFil: Eguia, Manuel Camilo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Acustica y Percepción Sonora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sigman, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Neurociencia Integrativa; Argentina. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; ArgentinaFil: Trevisan, Marcos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Sistemas Dinámicos; Argentin

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Studies of timbre perception of modulated sounds through psychophysics experiments and auditory periphery models

La percepción tímbrica es uno de los fenómenos más complejos que realiza el sistema auditivo. El timbre, originalmente establecido como la cualidad que permite discriminar instrumentos musicales entre sí, en la actualidad se encuentra más vinculado con el concepto ecológico de identificación de las fuentes sonoras en un entorno natural. Su inherente carácter multidimensional, hace que la relación entre la forma de onda de un sonido y el timbre percibido sea una relación compleja, en la cual distintas partes del sistema auditivo están involucradas. A pesar de estas limitaciones, es sabido que hay ciertos atributos acústicos temporales y espectrales que suelen destacarse en la percepción tímbrica. Los más relevantes son, por un lado, el tiempo de ataque de la envolvente como característica temporal y por otro el brillo o centroide espectral como característica espectral. En este trabajo se utilizaron dos metodologías para estudiar el timbre. Por un lado, se realizaron dos experimentos psicofísicos de comparación de pares de sonidos y, por otro, los timbres fueron estudiados mediante técnicas de procesamiento de se~nales y el modelado de la periferia auditiva. Uno de los experimentos fue realizado utilizando sonidos de amplitud modulada sinusoidalmente como estímulos y llevado a cabo masivamente a través de Internet, mientras que para el otro experimento, se utilizaron multifónicos del saxo alto en un ambiente controlado. Estas dos familias de sonidos poseen modulaciones como atributo temporal característico a diferencia de los que son utilizados en muchos de los estudios de percepción tímbrica donde la principal característica temporal es el tiempo de ataque. Los experimentos demostraron que la modulación temporal fue un atributo saliente junto con el centroide espectral para ambos conjuntos de sonidos. Además, se observó que sonidos que se encontraban agrupados en un espacio de parámetros de control se encontraban agrupados también, en la mayor parte de los casos, en los correspondientes espacios perceptuales. En cambio, las distancias entre los grupos en estos espacios se vieron modificadas. Por otra parte, los sonidos fueron analizados en base al procesamiento de sus se~nales y mediante simulaciones de la periferia auditiva. Para esto se desarrolló un modelo de la periferia auditiva con énfasis en la mecánica coclear, donde se optó por un modelo dinámico no lineal y con alimentación lateral. Este modelo fue desarrollado teniendo en consideración la capacidad de reproducir los factores dominantes de la transducción coclear como la saturación en intensidad, el mecanismo activo de amplificación y las curvas de enmascaramiento entre otros. Los parámetros fueron ajustados de manera satisfactoria para reproducir respuestas clásicas de experimentos psicoacústicos en humanos y datos de experimentos fisiológicos in vivo en mamíferos.Timbre perception is one of the most complex tasks the auditory system performs. Timbre, originally defined as the quality that allows the discrimination of musical instruments, it is nowadays more related to the ecological concept of the identification of sound sources in natural environments. Because of its inherently multidimensional character, the relationship between the sound wave and the perceived timbre is a complex matter, where different parts of the auditory systems are involved. Besides this limitations, it is known that there are certain temporal and spectral acoustic features that are fundamental to the perception of timbre. The most relevant are the attack time of the envelope as a temporal feature and the brightness or spectral centroid as a spectral feature. In this work we use two methodologies for studying timbre. Firstly, two psychophysical experiments of sound pairs comparison were done, and secondly the timbres were analyzed by signal processing techniques and through a model of the auditory periphery. One of the experiments was carried out using sinusoidally amplitude modulated sounds as stimuli, massively through internet and the other experiment was done using alto saxophone multiphonics but in a controlled environment. These two families of sounds have modulations as a characteristic temporal feature which is not present on many timbre studies, where the attack time is more common. The experiments showed that the temporal modulation was a salient feature, along with the spectral centroid for both sound families. In addition, it was observed that sounds grouped in a control parameter space were also grouped, in most cases, in the corresponding perceptual spaces. In contrast, it were the distances between the groups within these spaces that changed. Also the sounds were analysed by signal processing techniques and through auditory periphery simulations. To this end, we developed an auditory periphery model with emphasis on the cochlear mechanics, using a non linear dynamical model with feedforward and feedbackward properties. This model was developed with the aim of reproducing dominant factors of cochlear transduction, for example, the saturation with intensity, the active mechanism of amplification and the masking curves among other capabilities. The parameters where successfully adjusted to reproduce typical human psychoacoustical experiments and data from physiological in vivo mammals experiments.Fil:Riera, Pablo Ernesto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

A Comparative Study of Saxophone Multiphonics: Musical, Psychophysical and Spectral Analysis

Despite a number of recent studies on the production of multiphonics in woodwinds, an exhaustive study on the perception of these sonorities is still missing. In this work we undertake a comparative study of saxophone multiphonics from the musical, perceptual and acoustical points of view. We propose four major classes based on the analysis of the musical attributes and playing techniques of a set of 118 alto saxophone multiphonics, spanning all the possible sonorities previously reported. Then, we perform a dissimilarity rating experiment for all possible pairs of a subset of fifteen representative multiphonics. This experiment provides confidence in the suggested classification, since the four classes are segregated in a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) representation. We also find two possible acoustical correlates of the perceptual dimensions: the spectral centroid (SC) and the modulation frequency (MF). Finally, this last representation is explored through morphing trajectories, which correspond to multiphonics that change the timbre and musical interval organization with fixed fingering.Fil: Riera, Pablo Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Acústica y Percepción Sonora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Proscia, Martín Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Acústica y Percepción Sonora; ArgentinaFil: Eguia, Manuel Camilo. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Acústica y Percepción Sonora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

A ballistic model for a precessing and orbiting jet with a time-dependent ejection velocity

We have found that the ballistic trajectory of a precessing, orbiting and time-dependent velocity jet has a semi-analytical solution. Bipolar, multipolar and S-like morphologies, which are observed in young protoplanetary and planetary nebula (PPN and PN, respectively), can be reproduced by setting different values for the ratio between dynamical time and precession periods, the ratio between the precession and orbital periods, and the jet velocity variability period. We have also computed numerical simulations and find a good agreement with the semi-analytical solution for a jet 103 times denser than the surrounding environment.Fil: Velázquez, Pablo F.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares; MéxicoFil: Raga, Alejandro C.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares; MéxicoFil: Cantó, Jorge. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Astronomia; MéxicoFil: Schneiter, Ernesto Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomia Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomia Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Riera, Angels. Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya; España. Universidad de Barcelona; Españ

Trust-UBA: Detecting trust from the trustor's voice

The protocol of the dataset consists of an interactive session where the subject is asked to respond to a series of factual questions with the help of a virtual assistant. In order to induce subjects to either trust or distrust the agent's skills, they are first informed that it was previously rated by other users as being either good or bad; subsequently, the agent answers the subjects' questions consistently to its alleged abilities. All interactions are speech-based, with subjects and agents communicating verbally, which allows the recording of speech produced under different trust conditions.Fil: Ferrer, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Gravano, Agustin. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Riera, Pablo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Pepino, Leonardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Gauder, María Lara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentin

A protocol for collecting speech data with varying degrees of trust

This paper describes a novel experimental setup for collecting speech data from subjects induced to have different degrees of trust in the skills of a conversational agent. The protocol consists of an interactive session where the subject is asked to respond to a series of factual questions with the help of a virtual assistant. In order to induce subjects to either trust or distrust the agent?s skills, they are first informed that the agent was previously rated by other users as being either good or bad; subsequently, the agent answers the subjects? questions consistently to its alleged abilities. These interactions will be speech-based, with subjects and agents communicating verbally, which will allow for the recording of speech produced under different trust conditions. Ultimately, the resulting dataset will be usedto study the feasibility of automatically predicting the degree of trust from speech. This paper describes a preliminary experiment using a text-only version of the protocol in Argentine Spanish. The results show that the protocol effectively succeeds in influencing subjects into the desired mental state of either trusting or distrusting the agent?s skills. We are currently beginning the collection of the speech dataset, which will be made publicly available once ready.Fil: Gauder, María Lara. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Gravano, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Computación; ArgentinaFil: Ferrer, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Riera, Pablo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Brussino, Silvina Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; ArgentinaSpeech, Music and Mind 2019: Detecting and Influencing Mental States with AudioVienaAustriaInternational Speech Communication Associatio